The Caspian red deer (Cervus elaphus), also known as the “noble deer” or Eastern red deer, is one of the easternmost subspecies of red deer. Its natural habitat spans the areas between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, including Crimea, Asia Minor, and parts of Iran’s Caspian region.

This species is currently classified as endangered. The mating season, known as the “rut,” occurs from mid-September to early October. During this period, male deer emit loud calls to attract females and challenge rival males.

In Iran, the main habitats of the Caspian red deer are located in Mazandaran Province, including the Hezarjarib forests in Behshahr and Neka, the Chahardangeh Wildlife Refuge in Sari and Kiasar, as well as parts of the Central Alborz region.

The Hezarjarib forests in Behshahr, covering over 74,000 hectares, are among the richest natural areas in northern Iran and host a variety of valuable wildlife species, including the Caspian red deer. In 2023, the company “Amadeh Laziz” carried out several conservation initiatives in the region, including:

• Installing and operating camera traps to monitor wildlife

• Contributing to the construction of ranger stations

• Providing food rations for local rangers

• Installing warning signs in sensitive areas

These efforts aim to support rangers and protect the Caspian red deer, ensuring the survival of one of northern Iran’s most important wildlife species.